What exactly are amphetamines?

Amphetamines are a group of synthetically produced stimulants that stimulate the central nervous system. They are often consumed illegally and can come in various forms such as powders, pills or tablets. Amphetamines increase the release of neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain, leading to a variety of effects including increased energy, increased alertness, increased mood and decreased appetite. However, in the long term, they can cause serious health problems and lead to addiction (Yesil, 2021).

How many people unfortunately suffer from harmful use in Germany and worldwide?

• Germany 2018: 103,000 people (Federal Agency for Civic Education, 2022)
• 4.6% of students at RPTU (TUK at the time of the survey) have already used amphetamines/speed or ecstasy (UHR, 2021)

What does the use make worse and what are the advantages of stopping?

Using amphetamines can cause various health problems, including physical damage to oranges such as the liver, heart and kidneys, mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, cognitive impairment and social problems such as job loss or problems in social relationships. The benefits of quitting include improved physical and mental health, increased quality of life, improved social functioning and financial savings (Yesil, 2021).

What can I do about it or how do I manage to quit?

There are various approaches to stop using amphetamines. These include visiting a counseling center for addiction problems or attending an addiction clinic, seeking psychotherapeutic support, participating in self-help groups such as Amphetamines Anonymous, setting goals and creating a relapse prevention plan, learning coping strategies and stress management techniques, and engaging support from friends and family. It is important to understand that withdrawal from amphetamines can often be accompanied by withdrawal symptoms such as strong cravings, anxiety, fatigue and depressed moods and that professional help and support are important to successfully stay clean (Yesil, 2021).

Are there positive sides to using amphetamines and why do people use them?

Although some people may experience temporary positive effects such as increased energy, improved mood and increased self-confidence, the long-term risks and consequences of amphetamine use are more serious. People often use to cope with temporary problems or to relax without considering the long-term consequences. There can also be social pressure, especially in certain environments such as parties or the sports world, to use amphetamines to boost performance or feel better (Yesil, 2021).

What exactly are neuroenhancers?

Neuroenhancers are substances that aim to improve cognitive ability and mental performance. These substances can include pharmacological agents such as prescription drugs (e.g. methylphenidate, modafinil), illegal drugs (e.g. amphetamines) or legal substances such as caffeine and dietary supplements. People often use neuroenhancers to increase their attention, concentration, memory and cognitive performance, whether at university, at work or in other areas of life (Maier, 2018).

How many people unfortunately suffer from harmful consumption in Germany and worldwide?

• Worldwide and in Germany: no data
• 5.8% of students* at RPTU (TUK at the time of the survey) have used neuroenhancers (UHR, 2021)

What does using neuroenhancers make worse and what are the benefits of stopping?

Several negative effects can occur from using neuroenhancers, including:

• Health risks: Depending on the substances and the dose, neuroenhancers can lead to health problems such as sleep disorders, heart problems, anxiety, depression and even addiction
• Mental health: the use of neuroenhancers can lead to mental health problems such as irritability, paranoia and mood swings
• Social effects: excessive use of neuroenhancers can lead to social isolation, problems in interpersonal relationships and professional difficulties

The benefits of stopping the use of neuroenhancers can include

• Improved health and Wellbeing
• Better mental health and mood
• Strengthened interpersonal relationships and social integration
• Improved performance naturally, without dependence on substances

(Maier, 2018)

What can I do about it or how can I stop?

To reduce or stop using neuroenhancers, the following measures can be helpful:

• Self-reflection: Think about why you use neuroenhancers and what negative effects this can have on your life
• Seek support: Talk to friends, family members or a professional about your problems and seek support in overcoming your addiction
• Set clear goals: Set clear goals to reduce or stop using and create a plan to achieve these goals
• Avoid triggers: Identify situations or circumstances that tempt you to use neuroenhancers and try to avoid or deal with them
• Consider professional help: If you have difficulty coping with neuroenhancer use on your own, seek professional help from a doctor, therapist or addiction counseling center.

(Maier, 2018)

How do I behave as a relative of an addicted person?

As a relative of an addicted person, you can show supportive behavior by

• Listening and showing understanding
• Offering support in seeking professional help
• Informing yourself about the addiction and possible treatment options
• Being patient and empathetic, as the journey is often a long one
• Setting your own boundaries and taking care of your own health and Wellbeing

(Maier, 2018)

Are there also positive sides to using neuroenhancers and why do people use them?

Some people see the use of neuroenhancers as potentially beneficial. These benefits may include an increase in cognitive performance, increased energy and alertness, improved mood, the pressure to keep up with others or even gain an edge, and curiosity and experimentation. These factors may contribute to why people consume neuroenhancers. However, it is important to remember that using neuroenhancers can also carry significant risks, including health problems, addiction and social difficulties.